List of modes

Here is a list of modes that I have been putting together over a period
of time. The numbers are the consecutive intervals in number of scale steps.
It is clear that such a list of bare numbers is in many cases an
oversimplification of things. For instance for an Indian raga it is only
one technical aspect of a whole musical system which can also have
different ascending and descending scale patterns, different stress on
notes, enharmonic variations, etc. So no attempt was made to make the
list complete for Indian ragas. Most of these listed have the same
ascending and descending scale, however if for a particular case none
having that exists, I have incorporated one which omits a note in
either or both cases. All 72 ragas of the South-Indian (Karnatic)
melakarta raga system are in the list indicated with "mela".
North-Indian (Hindustani) equivalent names are given also.
There are also more Japanese pentatonic modes, different forms of basic
ones.
For more information about the concept of mode, there is a lot to find
under "mode" in the New Grove encyclopedia.
The number of modes in the list is 208. Lines beginning with a ! are
comments. Additions are welcome.


! 7 tone modes:
1 1 2 1 2 Lima: Thailand
1 2 1 1 2 Nem: Thailand
2 1 1 1 2 Barang: Thailand
!
! 12 tone modes:
1 5 1 5 Messiaen's truncated mode 5
5 1 5 1 Messiaen's truncated mode 5 inverse
2 4 2 4 Messiaen's truncated mode 6
4 2 4 2 Messiaen's truncated mode 6 inverse
2 1 4 1 4 Hira-joshi: Japan
1 4 2 3 2 Kokin-joshi: Japan, Raga Revati
1 4 2 1 4 Hon-kumoi-joshi: Japan
1 4 1 4 2 Iwato: Japan
2 1 2 4 3 Raga Abhogi
4 2 1 4 1 Raga Amritavarsini
4 1 4 2 1 Raga Bhinna Shadja
2 2 3 2 3 Pentatonic, Ryo: Japan, Raga Bhopali (Bhup), Mohana
2 3 2 3 2 Yo: Japan
1 2 4 1 4 Balinese, Raga Bhupala, Raga Bibhas
3 2 4 2 1 Raga Candrakauns (modern)
2 3 2 2 3 Ritusen: Japan, Raga Devakriya, Durga
5 2 1 3 1 Raga Devaranji
3 2 2 3 2 Raga Dhani
4 1 2 4 1 Raga Gambhiranata
2 2 3 3 2 Raga Hamsadhvani
3 2 3 2 2 Raga Malkauns (Malakosh), Hindola
1 3 1 3 4 Raga Megharanjani
4 1 2 2 3 Raga Nagasvarali
1 3 3 1 4 Raga Reva
1 5 1 1 4 Raga Saugandhini
2 1 4 2 3 Raga Sivaranjini
4 3 2 1 2 Raga Valaji
2 2 2 4 2 Prometheus
2 2 2 2 2 2 Whole Tone, Messiaen's mode 1
2 3 2 2 1 2 Pyongjo: Korea, Raga Darbar
3 2 3 2 1 1 Blues scale
1 2 2 3 2 2 Ritsu: Japan, Raga Suddha Todi
2 1 2 4 1 2 Raga Bagesri, Sriranjani
1 2 3 2 2 2 Raga Bhavani
1 1 4 1 2 3 Raga Candrajyoti
2 2 2 1 4 1 Raga Caturangini
2 1 2 3 3 1 Raga Ghantana
1 2 3 2 3 1 Raga Gurjari Todi
1 3 2 3 2 1 Raga Hamsanandi
2 2 1 4 2 1 Raga Hamsa Vinodini
2 4 1 1 2 2 Raga Jaganmohanam
1 4 2 2 2 1 Raga Jivantika
1 3 3 1 1 3 Raga Kalagada
1 4 2 1 1 3 Raga Kalakanthi
4 1 2 2 1 2 Raga Khamas
2 2 3 2 2 1 Raga Kumud
1 3 1 3 3 1 Raga Lalita, Sohini
2 2 3 1 3 1 Raga Latika
1 3 3 2 1 2 Raga Malayamarutam
2 1 4 2 1 2 Raga Manavi
1 3 2 1 4 1 Raga Mandari
3 2 2 2 1 2 Raga Manohari
1 3 2 3 2 1 Raga Marva
2 1 2 2 3 2 Raga Palasi
1 3 1 2 1 4 Raga Purna Pancama
2 2 1 4 1 2 Raga Rageshri (Rajashri)
2 1 3 3 2 1 Raga Ranjani
2 1 3 1 3 2 Raga Simharava
1 2 2 2 1 4 Raga Suddha Simantini
2 1 3 1 1 4 Raga Syamalam
2 1 3 1 2 3 Raga Vijayanagari
1 2 3 1 4 1 Raga Vijayasri
4 2 1 3 1 1 Raga Vijayavasanta
2 2 2 1 2 3 Raga Yamuna Kalyani
1 1 4 1 1 4 Messiaen's mode 5
4 1 1 4 1 1 Messiaen's mode 5 inverse
1 3 1 3 1 3 Messiaen's truncated mode 3
3 1 3 1 3 1 Messiaen's truncated mode 3 inverse
1 2 3 1 2 3 Messiaen's truncated mode 2
1 3 2 1 3 2 Messiaen's truncated mode 2
! G = Greek name, M = Medieval (ecclesiastical) name
1 2 2 1 2 2 2 G.Mixolydian, M.Hypophrygian, M.Locrian: very minor
2 2 1 2 2 2 1 G.Lydian, M.Ionian, M.Hypolydian, Raga Bilaval, Mela Shankarabharanam: major
2 1 2 2 2 1 2 G.Phrygian, M.Dorian, M.Hypomixolydian, Raga Kafi, Mela Kharaharapriya: neutral
1 2 2 2 1 2 2 G.Dorian, M.Phrygian, M.Hypoaeolian, Raga Bhairavi, Mela Hanumatodi: minor
2 2 2 1 2 2 1 G.Hypolydian, M.Lydian, Raga Kalyana, Mela Mecakalyani: very major
2 2 1 2 2 1 2 G.Hypophrygian, G.Ionian, M.Mixolydian, Raga Khamaj, Mela Harikambhoji: soft major
2 1 2 2 1 2 2 Hypodorian, M.Aeolian, Raga Asavari, Mela Nathabhairavi: soft minor
2 1 2 2 2 2 1 Melodic Minor ascending, Mela Gaurimanohari
2 1 2 2 1 3 1 Harmonic Minor, Spanish gipsy, Mela Kiravani
1 3 1 2 2 1 2 Harmonic Minor inverse, Raga Ahir Bhairav, Mela Cakravana
2 2 1 2 1 3 1 Minor-Major mode, Mela Sarasangi
2 2 1 1 2 2 2 Major Locrian
2 2 1 4 1 1 1 Raga Rageshri
2 2 2 2 1 2 1 Lydian Augmented
2 1 2 1 2 2 2 Minor Locrian
1 2 1 2 2 2 2 Super Locrian
1 1 3 2 1 1 3 Mela Kanakangi, Aristoxenos' Chromatic Dorian
1 1 3 2 1 2 2 Mela Ratnangi
1 1 3 2 1 3 1 Mela Ganamurti
1 1 3 2 2 1 2 Mela Vanaspati
1 1 3 2 2 2 1 Mela Manavati
1 1 3 2 3 1 1 Mela Tanarupi
1 2 2 2 1 1 3 Mela Senavati
1 2 2 2 1 3 1 Neapolitan, Mela Dhenuka
1 2 2 2 2 1 2 Mela Natakapriya
1 2 2 2 2 2 1 Mela Kokilapriya
1 2 2 2 3 1 1 Mela Rupavati
1 3 1 1 3 2 1 Raga Lalit
1 3 1 2 1 1 3 Mela Gayakapriya
1 3 1 2 1 2 2 Mela Vakulabharanam
1 3 1 2 1 3 1 Double Harmonic Minor, Major Gipsy scale, Raga Bhairava, Mela Mayamalavagaula
1 3 1 2 2 2 1 Mela Suryakanta
1 3 1 2 3 1 1 Mela Hatakambari
2 1 2 2 1 1 3 Mela Jhankaradhvani
2 1 2 2 3 1 1 Mela Varunapriya
2 2 1 2 1 1 3 Mela Mararanjani
2 2 1 2 1 2 2 Mela Carukesi
2 2 1 2 3 1 1 Mela Naganandini
3 1 1 2 1 1 3 Mela Yagapriya
3 1 1 2 1 2 2 Mela Ragavardhani
3 1 1 2 1 3 1 Mela Gangeyabhusani
3 1 1 2 2 1 2 Mela Vagadhisvari
3 1 1 2 2 2 1 Mela Sulini
3 1 1 2 3 1 1 Mela Calanata, Aristoxenos' Inverted Chromatic Dorian
1 1 4 1 1 1 3 Mela Salaga
1 1 4 1 1 2 2 Mela Jalarnava
1 1 4 1 1 3 1 Mela Jhalavarali
1 1 4 1 2 1 2 Mela Navanitam
1 1 4 1 2 2 1 Mela Pavani
1 1 4 1 3 1 1 Mela Raghupriya
1 2 3 1 1 1 3 Mela Gavambodhi
1 2 3 1 1 2 2 Mela Bhavapriya
1 2 3 1 1 3 1 Raga Todi, Mela Subhapantuvarali
1 2 3 1 2 1 2 Mela Sadvidhamargini
1 2 3 1 2 2 1 Mela Suvarnangi
1 2 3 1 3 1 1 Mela Divyamani
1 3 2 1 1 1 3 Mela Dhavalambari
1 3 2 1 1 2 2 Mela Namanarayani
1 3 2 1 1 3 1 Raga Purvi, Shri, Mela Kamavardhani
1 3 2 1 2 1 2 Mela Ramapriya
1 3 2 1 2 2 1 Raga Marwa, Mela Gamanasrama
1 3 2 1 3 1 1 Mela Visvambhari
2 1 3 1 1 1 3 Mela Syamalangi
2 1 3 1 1 2 2 Mela Sanmukhapriya
2 1 3 1 1 3 1 Minor Gipsy scale, Mela Simhendramadhyama
2 1 3 1 2 1 2 Mela Hemavati
2 1 3 1 2 2 1 Mela Dharmavati
2 1 3 1 3 1 1 Mela Nitimati
2 2 2 1 1 1 3 Mela Kantamani
2 2 2 1 1 2 2 Mela Risabhapriya
2 2 2 1 1 3 1 Mela Latangi
2 2 2 1 2 1 2 Mela Vacaspati
2 2 2 1 3 1 1 Mela Citrambari
3 1 2 1 1 1 3 Mela Sucaritra
3 1 2 1 1 2 2 Mela Jyotisvarupini
3 1 2 1 1 3 1 Mela Dhatuvardhani
3 1 2 1 2 1 2 Hungarian, Mela Nasikabhusani
3 1 2 1 2 2 1 Mela Kosalam
3 1 2 1 3 1 1 Mela Rasikapriya
1 3 1 1 2 3 1 Raga Lalita
1 3 2 2 2 1 1 Enigmatic
2 1 2 1 1 3 2 Modified Blues
2 1 2 2 1 1 2 1 Zirafkend: Arabic
1 2 1 1 2 1 2 2 Spanish Phrygian
2 2 1 2 1 1 2 1 Major Bebop
2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 Diminished, Messiaen's mode 2 inverse
2 2 1 1 1 2 2 1 Ishikotsucho: Japan
1 2 1 2 2 1 2 1 Magen Abot mode
1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 Octotonic, Messiaen's mode 2
1 1 1 3 1 1 1 3 Messiaen's mode 4
3 1 1 1 3 1 1 1 Messiaen's mode 4 inverse
1 1 2 2 1 1 2 2 Messiaen's mode 6
2 2 1 1 2 2 1 1 Messiaen's mode 6 inverse
1 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 2 Messiaen's mode 3
2 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 Messiaen's mode 3 inverse
2 2 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 Taishikicho: a mode of "rock boxes"
1 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 2 Tsjerepnin
1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 2 Messiaen's mode 7
2 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 Messiaen's mode 7 inverse
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Chromatic
!
! 17 tone modes of Arabic Pythagorean scale:
3 3 1 3 3 1 3 Safi al-Din's maqam `Ussaq
3 1 3 3 1 3 3 Safi al-Din's maqam Nawa
1 3 3 1 3 3 3 Safi al-Din's maqam Abu Salik
3 2 2 3 2 2 3 Safi al-Din's maqam Rast
2 3 2 2 3 2 2 1 Safi al-Din's maqam `Iraq
3 2 2 3 2 2 2 1 Safi al-Din's maqam Isfahan
2 2 3 2 2 1 3 2 Safi al-Din's maqam Zirafkand
2 3 2 2 1 3 2 2 Safi al-Din's maqam Buzurk
3 2 2 2 3 2 3 Safi al-Din's maqam Zankulah
2 3 2 2 2 3 3 Safi al-Din's maqam Rahawi
2 2 3 2 2 3 3 Safi al-Din's maqam Husaini
2 2 3 2 3 2 3 Safi al-Din's maqam Higazi
1 2 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 2 al-Kindi's mode
1 2 1 2 1 1 2 1 2 1 3 Ishaq al-Mausili's mode
!
! 19 tone modes:
4 4 4 4 3 Five out of 19
3 3 3 3 3 4 Yasser's Hexad
3 3 2 3 3 3 2 Nineteen-tone Major
3 2 3 3 3 3 2 Nineteen-tone Melodic Minor
2 3 2 2 3 2 2 3 Eight out of 19
2 2 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 Ten out of 19
2 1 2 2 2 1 2 2 2 1 2 Eleven out of 19
1 2 1 2 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 2 Twelve out of 19
2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 1 Thirteen out of 19
1 2 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 2 1 Fourteen out of 19
!
! 22 tone modes of Indian shruti scale:
4 3 2 4 4 3 2 Shadja Grama
4 3 2 4 3 4 2 Madhyama Grama
3 2 4 3 3 4 3 Gandhaara Grama
2 2 2 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 2 Twelve-tone gamut
!
! 24 tone modes:
1 1 8 4 1 1 8 Aristoxenos' Enharmonion Dorian
2 3 5 4 2 3 5 Aristoxenos' Diatonon Malakon Dorian
3 5 2 4 3 5 2 Athanasopoulos' Byzantine Liturgical Chromatic
1 5 4 4 1 5 4 Diatonic + Enharmonic Diesis Dorian
4 3 3 4 3 3 4 Miha'il Musaqa's mode: Egyptian
3 3 4 4 3 3 4 Neutral Diatonic
5 5 4 5 5 Quasi-equal Pentatonic

Manuel Op de Coul coul@ezh.nl

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